Constitution of India - The Seventh Schedule

The Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India contains three lists - a Central List, a State List, and a Concurrent List.
These lists relate to the Distribution of Legislative Powers contained in Chapter 1 of Part XI of the Constitution of India, which states that the Parliament has the exclusive power to make laws with respect to the matters in List I (the Central List), the Legislatures of the States have the power to make laws for the matters in List II (the State List), and both may make laws related to List III (the Concurrent List).
The Parliament may additionally make laws

• to create new courts for the administration of laws
• for any matters not contained in any of the three lists, including the creation of new taxes
• for any matter in List II, in the national interest or in case a Proclamation of Emergency is in effect
• on any topic for the implementation of an international agreement

In case of a conflict between any law made by Parliament and a law made by the State Legislature, the law made by the Parliament will generally prevail, whether made before or after the State law. However, the State law may prevail over the Central law with the assent of the President.

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Central List - List I (97 items)

1. Defence of India, the armed forces, war, and peace
2. Arms, firearms, ammunition and explosives
3. Atomic energy
4. Central Bureau of Intelligence and Investigation
5. Foreign affairs; diplomatic, consular and trade representation
6. United Nations Organisation and other international conferences, associations, and bodies; international agreements, treaties, trade
7. Citizenship, naturalization, and aliens; immigration and emigration (passports and visas), extradition
8. Pilgrimages to places outside India
9. Railways, national highways, national waterways, airways (and aircraft, air navigation, crimes committed in the air)
10. Maritime shipping and navigation, including lighthouses and beacons; ports; piracy and crimes committed on the high seas
11. Lighthouses, including lightships, beacons and other provision for the safety of shipping and aircraft
12. Posts and telegraphs; telephones, wireless, broadcasting and other like forms of communication; Post Office Savings Bank
13. The public debt of the Union
14. Currency, coinage and legal tender; foreign exchange, foreign loans, Reserve Bank of India, banking, financial instruments
15. Lotteries organized by the Government of India or the Government of a State
16. Incorporation, regulation, and winding up of corporations
17. All intellectual property - patents, inventions, designs, copyright, trade-marks, and merchandise marks
18. Establishment of standards of weight and measure, quality of goods
19. Regulation and development of oilfields and mineral oil resources, mines and mineral development
20. Fishing and fisheries beyond territorial waters
21. Manufacture, supply, and distribution of salt
22. Cultivation, manufacture, and sale for export, of opium
23. Sanctioning of cinematograph films for exhibition
24. Industrial disputes concerning Union employees
25. Institutions for scientific or technical education financed by the Government of India wholly or in part and declared by Parliament by law to be institutions of national importance
26. Coordination and determination of standards in institutions for higher education or research and scientific and technical institutions
27. Ancient and historical monuments and records, and archaeological sites and remains, declared by or under law made by Parliament to be of national importance
28. The Survey of India, the Geological, Botanical, Zoological and Anthropological Surveys of India; Meteorological organizations
29. Census
30. Union Public Service, All-India Services, Union Public Service Commission
31. Union pensions, payable by the Government of India or out of the Consolidated Fund of India
32. Elections to Parliament, to the Legislatures of States and to the offices of President, Vice-President, and the Election Commission, and their powers, privileges, immunities, salaries, and allowances
33. Audit of the accounts of the Union and of the States
34. Constitution, organization, jurisdiction, and powers of the Supreme Court (including contempt of such Court), and the fees taken therein; persons entitled to practice before the Court
35. Inter-State migration and quarantine
36. Taxes
37. Offenses against laws with respect to any of the matters in this List
38. Inquiries, surveys, and statistics for the purpose of any of the matters in this List
39. Jurisdiction and powers of all courts, except the Supreme Court, with respect to any of the matters in this List; admiralty jurisdiction
40. Fees in respect of any of the matters in this List (not including fees taken in any court)
41. Any other matter not enumerated in List II or List III including any tax not mentioned in either of those Lists

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State List - List II (66 items)

1. Public order, police, prisons
2. Officers and servants of the High Court; procedure in rent and revenue courts; fees taken in all courts except the Supreme Court
3. Local government - the constitution and powers of municipal corporations and other local authorities for the purpose of local self-government
4. Public health and sanitation; hospitals and dispensaries
5. Pilgrimages, other than pilgrimages to places outside India
6. Intoxicating liquors, that is to say, the production, manufacture, possession, transport, purchase, and sale of intoxicating liquors
7. Relief for the disabled and unemployable
8. Burials and burial grounds, cremations and cremation grounds
9. Libraries, museums, and other similar institutions controlled or financed by the State; ancient and historical monuments and records other than those declared to be of national importance
10. Communications (roads, bridges, ferries, and other means not specified in List I)
11. Agriculture, including agricultural education and research, protection against pests and prevention of plant diseases; taxes on agricultural income; duties in respect of succession to agricultural land; estate duty in respect of agricultural land
12. Animals - preservation, protection, and improvement of stock, prevention of animal diseases, veterinary training and practice, pounds, prevention of cattle trespass, fisheries
13. Water, water supplies, irrigation and canals, drainage and embankments, water storage, and water power subject to the provisions of entry 56 of List I
14. Land, rights in or over land, land tenures including the relation of landlord and tenant, and the collection of rents; transfer and alienation of agricultural land; land improvement and agricultural loans; colonization; land revenue, including the assessment and collection of revenue, the maintenance of land records, survey for revenue purposes and records of rights, and alienation of revenues; taxes on lands and buildings
15. Courts of wards subject to the provisions of entry 34 of List I; encumbered and attached estates
16. Regulation of mines and mineral development subject to the provisions of List I with respect to regulation and development under the control of the Union
17. Industries subject to the provisions of entries 7 and 52 of List I
18. Gas and gas-works
19. Trade and commerce within the State subject to the provisions of entry 33 of List III; production, supply, and distribution of goods subject to the provisions of entry 33 of List III; markets and fairs
20. Money-lending and money-lenders; relief of agricultural indebtedness
21. Inns and innkeepers
22. Incorporation, regulation and winding up of corporations, other than those specified in List I, and universities; unincorporated trading, literary, scientific, religious and other societies and associations; co-operative societies
23. Theatres and dramatic performances; cinemas subject to the provisions of entry 60 of List I; sports, entertainments, and amusements
24. Betting and gambling, and taxes thereon
25. Works, lands, and buildings vested in or in the possession of the State
26. Elections to the Legislature of the State subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament
27. Salaries, allowances, powers, privileges, and immunities of members of the Legislature of the State, of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly and, if there is a Legislative Council, of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman thereof
28. Salaries and allowances of Ministers for the State
29. State public services; State Public Service Commission
30. State pensions, that is to say, pensions payable by the State or out of the Consolidated Fund of the State
31. The public debt of the State
32. Treasure trove
33. Taxes on mineral rights subject to any limitations imposed by Parliament by law relating to mineral development
34. Duties of excise on alcoholic liquors, opium, Indian hemp, and other narcotic drugs and narcotics manufactured or produced in the State and countervailing duties at the same or lower rates on similar goods manufactured or produced elsewhere in India
35. Taxes
36. Rates of stamp duty in respect of documents other than those specified in the provisions of List I
37. Offenses against laws with respect to any of the matters in this List
38. Jurisdiction and powers of all courts, except the Supreme Court, with respect to any of the matters in this List
39. Fees in respect of any of the matters in this List, but not including fees taken in any court

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Concurrent List - List III (47 items)

1. Criminal law and procedure
2. Preventive detention for reasons connected with the security of a State, the maintenance of public order, or the maintenance of supplies and services essential to the community; persons subjected to such detention
3. Removal from one State to another State of prisoners, accused persons and persons subjected to preventive detention for reasons specified in entry 3 of this List
4. Marriage and divorce; infants and minors; adoption; wills, intestacy, and succession; joint family and partition; all matters in respect of which parties in judicial proceedings were immediately before the commencement of this Constitution subject to their personal law
5. Transfer of property other than agricultural land; registration of deeds and documents
6. Contracts, including partnership, agency, contracts of carriage, and other special forms of contracts, but not including contracts relating to agricultural land
7. Actionable wrongs
8. Bankruptcy and insolvency
9. Trust and Trustees
10. Administrators - general and official trustees
11. Administration of Justice; constitution and organization of all courts, except the Supreme Court and the High Courts
12. Evidence and oaths; recognition of laws, public acts and records, and judicial proceedings
13. Civil procedure, limitation, and arbitration
14. Contempt of court, but not including contempt of the Supreme Court
15. Vagrancy; nomadic and migratory tribes
16. Lunacy and mental deficiency, including places for the reception or treatment of lunatics and mentally deficient
17. Prevention of cruelty to animals
18. Forests
19. Protection of wild animals and birds
20. Adulteration of foodstuffs and other goods
21. Drugs and poisons, subject to the provisions of entry 59 of List I with respect to opium
22. Economic and social planning
23. Population control and family planning
24. Commercial and industrial monopolies, combines and trusts
25. Labour - trade unions; industrial and labour disputes; social security and social insurance; employment and unemployment; welfare of labour including conditions of work, provident funds, employers’ liability, workmen’s compensation, invalidity and old age pensions and maternity benefits
26. Education, including technical education, medical education, and universities, subject to the provisions of entries 63, 64, 65 and 66 of List I; vocational and technical training of labor
27. Legal, medical and other professions
28. Relief and rehabilitation of persons displaced from their original place of residence by reason of the setting up of the Dominions of India and Pakistan
29. Charities and charitable institutions, charitable and religious endowments and religious institutions
30. Prevention of the extension from one State to another of infectious or contagious diseases or pests affecting men, animals or plants
31. Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths
32. Ports other than those declared by or under law made by Parliament or existing law to be major ports
33. Shipping and navigation on inland waterways as regards mechanically propelled vessels, and the rule of the road on such waterways, and the carriage of passengers and goods on inland waterways subject to the provisions of List I with respect to national waterways
34. Trade and commerce in, and the production, supply, and distribution of foodstuffs (including edible oilseeds and oils), cattle fodder (including oil cakes and other concentrates), raw cotton (whether ginned or unginned and cottonseed), and raw jute
35. Weights and measures except for the establishment of standards
36. Price control
37. Mechanically propelled vehicles including the principles on which taxes on such vehicles are to be levied
38. Factories
39. Boilers
40. Electricity
41. Newspapers, books, and printing presses
42. Archaeological sites and remains other than those declared to be of national importance
43. Property - custody, management, and disposal of property (including agricultural land) declared by law to be evacuee property; acquisition and requisitioning of property
44. Recovery in a State of claims in respect of taxes and other public demands, including arrears of land-revenue and sums recoverable as such arrears, arising outside that State
45. Stamp duties other than duties or fees collected by means of judicial stamps, but not including rates of stamp duty
46. Inquiries and statistics for the purposes of any of the matters specified in List II or List III
47. Jurisdiction and powers of all courts, except the Supreme Court, with respect to any of the matters in this List
48. Fees in respect of any of the matters in this List, but not including fees taken in any court

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